Zirconium oxide nanoparticles (nanoparticle systems) are increasingly investigated for their remarkable biomedical applications. This is due to their unique physicochemical properties, including high biocompatibility. Researchers employ various methods for the preparation of these nanoparticles, such as sol-gel process. Characterization tools, incl

Nanomaterials have emerged as promising platforms for a wide range of applications, owing to their unique attributes. In particular, graphene, with its exceptional electrical conductivity and mechanical strength, has garnered significant interest in the field of material science. However, the full potential of graphene can be further enhanced by in